References for Heart Health
1 World Health Organization. Global Burden of Disease 2004 Update: Selected figures and tables, 2008.
2 World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases. Fact sheet No. 317, February 2007.
3 American Heart Association. International Cardiovascular Disease Statistics. Statistical Fact Sheet — Populations 2009 Update.
4 American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics. 2009 Update-at-a glance.
5 National Cholesterol Education Program. ExpertPanel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). V. Adopting Healthful Lifestyle Habits to Lower LDL Cholesterol and Reduce CHD Risk, 2002.
6 Clifton P et al. Dietary intervention to lower serum cholesterol. Aust Fam Physician 2009; 38:424-428.
7 Azadbakht L et al. Beneficiary effect of dietary soy protein on lowering plasma levels of lipid and improving kidney function in type II diabetes with nephropathy. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:1292-4.
8 Azadbakht L et al. Soy inclusion in the diet improves features of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover study in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:735-41.
9 Azadbakht L et al. Soy protein intake, cardio renal indices and C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetes with nephropathy: a longitudinal randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care 2008;31:648-54.
10 Baum JA et al. Long-term intake of soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear cell low-density-lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA in hypercholesterolemic, postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:545-51.
11 Bosello O et al. Short- and long-term effects of hypocaloric diets containing proteins of different sources on plasma lipids and apoproteins of obese subjects. Ann Nutr Metab 1988;32:206-14.
12 Bricarello LP et al. Comparison between the effects of soy milk and non-fat cow milk on lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Nutrition 2004;20:200-4.
13 Chen ST et al. Variable effects of soy protein on plasma lipids in hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;46:1099-106.
14 Chen ST et al. Effect of soya protein on serum lipid profile and lipoprotein concentrations in patients undergoing hypercholesterolaemic haemodialysis. Br J Nutr 2006;95:366-71.
15 Crouse JR, 3rd et al. A randomized trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:2070-6.
16 Gardner CD et al. Effect of two types of soy milk and dairy milk on plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2007;26:669-77.
17 Goldberg AP et al. Soybean protein independently lowers plasma cholesterol levels in primary hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1982;43:355-68.
18 Greany KA et al. Probiotic consumption does not enhance the cholesterol lowering effect of soy in postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2004;134:3277-83.
19 Hoie LH et al. Lipid lowering effect of 2 dosages of a soy protein supplement in hypercholesterolemia. Adv Ther 2005;22:175-86.
20 Hoie LH et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial compares the cholesterol lowering effects of two different soy protein preparations in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Eur J Nutr 2005;44:65-71.
21 Hoie LH et al. Cholesterol lowering effects of a new soy protein isolate with high levels of nondenaturated protein in hypercholesterolemic patients. Adv Ther 2007;24:439-47.
22 Jayagopal V et al. Benefi cial effects of soy phytoestrogen intake in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1709-14.
23 Jenkins DJ et al. Effects of high- and low-isoflavone (phytoestrogen) soy foods on inflamatory biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines in middle-aged men and women. Metabolism 2002;51:919
24 Liao FH et al. Effectiveness of a soy-based compared with a traditional low-calorie diet on weight loss and lipid levels in overweight adults. Nutrition 2007;23:551-6.
25 Lichtenstein AH et al. Lipoprotein response to diets high in soy or animal protein with and without isoflavones in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002;22:1852-8
26 Wang et al. Clin Endocrinol 2003; 58:704-9.
27 Mercer NJH et al. Effects on human plasma lipids of substituting soybean protein isolate for milk protein in the diet. Nutrition Reports International 1987;35:279-287.
28 Meyer BJ et al. Limited lipid lowering effects of regular consumption of whole soybean foods. Ann Nutr Metab 2004; 48:67-78.
29 Phillips EA et al. Effect of Soy Protein Isolate on Serum Lipids in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Experimental Biology, April, 2007 (poster).
30 Potter SM et al. Depression of plasma cholesterol in men by consumption of baked products containing soy protein. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:501-6.
31 Stephenson TJ et al. Effect of soy protein-rich diet on renal function in young adults with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Clin Nephrol 2005;64:1-11.
32 Sirtori CR et al. Soybean-protein diet in the treatment of type-II hyperlipoproteinaemia. Lancet 1977;1:275-7.
33 Sirtori CR et al. Double-blind study of the addition of high-protein soya milk v. cows' milk to the diet of patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia and resistance to or intolerance of statins. Br J Nutr 1999;82:91-6.
34 Takatsuka N et al. Hypocholesterolemic effect of soy milk supplementation with usual diet in premenopausal normolipidemic Japanese women. Prev Med 2000;31:308-14.
35 Subset of this study published in Dalais et al. Clin Endocrinol 2003; 58:704-9.
36 Teede HJ et al. Dietary soy containing phytoestrogens does not activate the hemostatic system in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:1936-41.
37 Teixeira SR et al. Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 wk on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1077-84.
38 Van Horn et al. Oats and soy in lipid lowering diets for women with hypercholesterolemia: is there synergy? J Am Diet Assoc 2001;101:1319-25.
39 Washburn S et al. Effect of soy protein supplementation on serum lipoproteins, blood pressure and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women. Menopause 1999;6:7-13.
40 Wong WW et al. Cholesterol lowering effect of soy protein in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1385S-1389S.
41 Food and Drug Administration. Food labeling, health claims, soy protein and coronary heart disease. Fed Reg 1999;57:699-733
42 Harland, J.I. and T.A. Haffner (2008). Systematic review, meta-analysis and regression of randomized controlled trials reporting an association between an intake of circa 25g soya protein per day and blood cholesterol. Atherosclerosis; epub April 15, 2008: doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.006.
43 Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD (2006). Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.